One of the most important elements in the practice of karate-do is 'kata'. Within the various kata we find all the offensive and defensive techniques employed by various Ryu or traditions of a karate system. Kata then, can be likened to an encyclopaedia of techniques and postures used by a particular combative system. In addition to techniques and postures kata teaches balance, coordination, control, breathing and agility, whilst developing mental abilities such as focus, concentration and visualisation. It is not enough however, just to acquire knowledge of the various kata in terms of knowing which stance or technique follows in a sequence of movements. That is just the beginning of kata practise. To really know a kata one must practice it tirelessly for many years to understand what the kata is trying to impart to its user.
Prolonged and intense training in a kata is the best way of learning the movements and is the start of internalising techniques, stances and rhythm within its sequences. It is a common mistake for students to go no further than this first stage of memorizing the moves in a kata, not realising the true value of kata practise lies in diligent repetition over many years. It is also important to understand the principles behind the techniques and postures used. To explore the techniques effectively one must use a partner to understand combative elements not present in solitary practice, namely distance, angle and timing, collectively termed in Japanese as ‘ma-ai’. The practice of analysing the application of a kata’s techniques using a partner is termed ‘Bunkai-kumite’, a concept developed by Shito-ryu’s founder, Kenwa Mabuni. Below, Murayama Sensei demonstrates the katas Bassai Dai and Seienchin, as used by the Shito-Kai, pictured with relevant analysis of technique (bunkai kumite).
Bassai Dai Kata and Bunkai
Bassai Dai
This kata is common among many styles of karate and has many variations depending on the school or master. The version performed by Murayama Sensei (below) is that of Ankoh Itosu, a famous master from the City of Shuri, Okinawa. There are a number of possible kanji (words of Chinese origin) used to write ‘Bassai’ but because it is impossible to know the origins of its name or author, today the kata’s name is most often written in katakana (Japanese phonetic alphabet) with no suggestion of meaning, although ‘to storm or penetrate a fortress’ remains a popular interpretation. ‘Dai’ however, is written in the Kanji used to mean ‘larger’ or ‘greater’. Performed with speed and vigour, the kata follows a simple embusen, but employs many defensive hand techniques. Breathing is natural with an emphasis on exhalation during the execution of techniques. Below Murayama Sensei demonstrates the version used by the Shito-Kai with the relevant application or bunkai kumite.
